The Lesson Plan
By Allan Siarot-Mendoza Bautista
Localized Hispanic
borrowed words
This paper presumes that Hispanic words borrowed in Cebuano – Visayan in the locality of San Carlos City, Negros Occidental are assimilated, transmitted and shared both from and meaning through lexical localization.
This presumption is supported by Minkova and Stockwell (2009) that biological metaphor of language families is convenient for describing the evolution of languages from a common source, but it says nothing about the way our vocabulary reacts to outside influences. Like biological families, language tic can grow and move away from their original genetic pool by borrowing and absorbing new (grammatical) features and (lexical) item.
The transmission of borrowed vocabulary into any language has been both direct (oral transmission), and indirect, mediated by writing, education, and literacy.
Another situation is on assimilation which has a very precise meaning by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like another segment in a word.
Pesirla (2014) in his study finds out that certain lexical items in a foreign language are nativized by the borrower language. In face-to-face communication, either speaker may imitate some features of the other’s speech; when the contact is indirect, the influence can of course pass only in one direction (400).
Pesirla (2014) continues that the feature that is imitated is called the model; the language in which the model occurs is called the donor; the language which requires something new in the process of borrowing is the borrowing language. That which is borrowed does not have to be paid back; the donor makes no sacrifice and does not have to be asked for permission. Indeed, nothing changes hands: the donor goes on speaking as before and only the borrower’s speech is altered (Haugen 407).
The mere contact of languages A and B does not guarantee that one will borrow from the other. Wonderly (450) explains:
For a borrowing to occur, say B to A, two conditions must be met:
(a) The speaker of A must understand, or think he understands, the particular utterance in language B which contains the model.
(b) The speaker of A must have some motive, overt or covert, for the borrowing.
To investigate this phenomenon of assimilation, transmission and sharing of form and meaning by Philippine languages which nativitized these borrowed Hispanic words, a prototype print media article is focused as model textuality for lexical analysis: “Kinse o baynti?” extracted from News Record, the thinking man’s newspaper of San Carlos City, Negros Occidental, Year 29, no. 69 August 19-27, 2014, page 2. Cebuano-Visayan in the linguistic medium.
The article contains four paragraphs.
Paragraph one has a sentence of sixteen words.
Paragraph tow has two sentences of forty words.
Paragraph three has two sentences of thirty-words.
Paragraph four has three sentences of seventy-eight words.
The Hispanic borrowed words are fourteen nouns, and an adjective, which are analyzed utilizing separate descriptive matrices.
In a synthesis, the Hispanic borrowed words in Cebuano-Visayan are assimilated by specifically localizing their spelling, which definitely corresponds to localized sound system, since Cebuano-Visayan is a phonetic language and by adding local prefixes and suffixes: showing a complete process of lexical localization.
In conclusion. Therefore, it has been proven that Hispanic words borrowed in some Cebuano-Visayan particularly in San Carlos City, Negros Occidental are assimilated, transmitted and shared both form and meaning through lexical localization.
In this view, it is, thus recommended that a similar lexical analysis be conducted in different genres of mass media, literary texts, and other oral and written discourses as well as written manuscripts and documents across various languages in the Philippines.
This article is an excerpt of a study on Local Cebuano-Visayan in San Carlos City, Negros Occidental.
This is an unpublished research at the University of San Jose-Recoletos, Cebu City.
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